It is not surprising the national newspapers got the name of my neighbourhood wrong yesterday and again today. Not only is it on the fringe of two quite different areas but, legally, it has several names. Belsize Park, which is what the national newspapers called it, is plain wrong. The local paper, the Ham&High, was legally correct in calling it Kentish Town but the name the locals use is Gospel Oak. Just why is an interesting story and reveals something about what constitutes a neighbourhood in London, which is really a collection of urban villages huddled together in close proximity.
As far as the postman is concerned the place where two-year old Saurau Shai was killed by a falling wall on Thursday is Kentish Town, post code NW5. My house, one-hundred yards north, on the other side of Mansfield Road, is in Hampstead, post code NW3. But the people who live on both sides of the road talk about their neighbourhood as Gospel Oak, which does not exist as a postal area.
Gospel Oak is a ward, with clearly defined geographical boundaries, for local and parliamentary elections. Which means that I vote at Gospel Oak School along with the residents of the vast council estates south of Mansfield Road. When I moved here in 1976 Gospel Oak Ward was part of the rock solid Labour St Pancras North parliamentary constituency. The local MP, Jock Stallard, was authentic working class. He regularly trounced the Conservative candidate, old Etonian Oliver Letwin, who is one of the inner core of the new Conservative Party leader, David Cameron.
Gospel Oak was switched from St Pancras North to Hampstead in the last re-defining of parliamentary constituencies, designed to even up the numbers of voters in each constituency. It is usually Labour, and the switch helped the votes of the sitting member for Hampstead, Labour’s Glenda Jackson. Hampstead usually votes Conservative. Jackson was an inspired choice for Labour, because her left-wing views were welcomed by the trendy middle class leftists living alongside the bankers up the hill. And, of course, lovers of the theatre of all classes were pleased to have a famous and articulate actor as their local MP.
(Off the subject, but interesting. At the last local election the Conservatives swept Labour from power in Gospel Oak on the crest of anti-Blair feeling, which crossed the class divide. The Conservatives, crafty as ever, chose one of the councillors from the street next to me and another living in the heart of the council estate across Mansfield Road.)
Back to geography.
The vast collection of council blocks stretching from Mansfield Road towards Camden Town in the south and Kentish Town in the west, are not a legal entity. But they are an informal neighbourhood. The district housing office, which deals with the problems of many residents, is called Gospel Oak and has its own on-line newsletter, run by the Council.
My own neighbourhood I would define as the streets of terraced houses wedged in between Mansfield Road and the southern part of Hampstead Heath, which contains the running track and Parliament Hill, where the beacons would have been lit had Napoleon invaded Britain in the days when we really did hate the French. This area has no legal status. But it does have a residents’ association and its own web site, which is updated mostly just after the annual street party.
This area is mixed in political and class terms. Some houses are owner occupied. Others are owned by the Council or by housing associations. These houses were built for rent by speculative builders in the last thirty years of the nineteenth century. The ideal target resident was the bank clerk working in the city or the West End. There was excellent transport from the new North London Railway from Gospel Oak station and from the trams which follow the route of the present 24 bus, which takes you to Trafalgar Square, the West End shops and the Houses of Parliament. (Michael Foot was often photographed getting on to it in his duffle coat, when he was leader of the Labour Party and trying, not very successfully, to stop the headlong rush into de-regulation, when the House of Commons was dominated by Margaret Thatcher.)
Neighbourhoods are defined by all sorts of informal contacts. The newspapers are not exactly wrong in defining a neighbourhood by its tube station, which is still the quickest and most frequent public transport in London. But when people in Gospel Oak use the tube they divide between those who walk to Belsize Park and those who walk to Kentish Town, both ten to fifteen minutes walk away.
So many of them hop on the bus instead. Only a few use the North London line. Because a few years ago the managers decided to close the stop at Broad Street station, which gave easy access to those who work in the City of London. In the interests of efficiency and profit!
Oh, in case you’re wondering, where did the name come from? That goes back to the days when neighbourhoods were often defined by the parish and social meetings at the parish church. Allegedly there was an oak tree on the site of Gospel Oak railway station, where the parishioners stopped in the annual ceremony of beating the bounds of the parish.
Today there is no Gospel Oak Church. But there is a Gospel Oak Methodist Chapel, which is the nearest place to my house where I can pray to the Christian God.
(This post also answers the points made by Matt in a comment to my article yesterday. And just to make it clear, I like it just as much as he does.)